Analogue Electronics Lab 12
1.
VALUE OF R1: 2= 1.1*R*0.00001 =181,818k
https://www.multisim.com/content/TeeUNFiLTKju7WfBmYYMHm/wc-monostable-multivibrator/open/
2. Jimmy Kavetas’ Final Project looks like the only previous final project that used a VCA envelope filter(555 timer involved) and a distortion to make his distortion pedal. So Jimmy uses a 555 timer to run his distortion circuit and since its switching between two unstable signals, i’m gonna guess it’s an Astable multivibrator.
Analogue Electronics Lab 11
1) Here are the 3 pedals that I looked at:
https://www.alexanderpedals.com/shop/space-race
1a) The pedals I picked were primarily visually appealing to me. But each pedal I picked is from a different type of effect. The “holy wahcamoly” is a wah/gate effect, “golem” is a drive effect, and “space race” is a reverb effect.
1b) The larger pedal companies seem like they are oriented towards making more standard, all encompassing pedals. But the smaller companies seem to be oriented towards more unique and specific effect pedals.
1c) A really cool pedal I found was Frazz Dazzler by Dr Scientist. This pedal has 5 parameters that you can change: three-band EQ, Mix, Gain, Volts and Volume. The uniqe feature of this pedal is the volts knob. The Volts knob allows you to glitch the circuit and get blips and gated fuzz tones.
2)
3) The difference is that a momentary switch won’t remain active when the connection is broken, whereas a latching switch will. Latching switches are good for turning FX/effects on or off, whereas momentary switches are good for effects that work when the pedal or button to activate it is held down.
Analogue Electronics Lab 10
Analogue Electronics Lab 9
Analogue Electronics Lab 8
1) With the oscillator we’re studying the comparator outputs a (Square) wave and the integrator outputs a (Triangle) wave.
2) With an integrator, if Vin is positive the output voltage ramps DOWN (up/down). If Vin is negative the output voltage ramps UP (up/down).
3) With a comparator, if the op amp’s + input is connected to a greater voltage that that connected to it’s – input, the op amp’s output will be about POSITIVE (positive/negative) 9v DC. If the op amp’s + input is connected to a lower voltage that that connected to it’s – input, the op amp’s output will be about NEGATIVE (positive/negative) 9v DC.
4) There’s a formula for how fast the integrator ramps up or down:
change in volts per second at Vout = -Vin / RC
So the bigger the resistance R you use the SLOWER (faster/slower) the ramp gets, and the bigger the capacitor gets the SLOWER (faster/slower) the ramp gets.
5) The circuit at the end of this video is a monophonic synthesizer – it can only output one tone at a time. What do you think would have to do to make a polyphonic synthesizer that could play 2 notes at the same time? 3 notes? 4 notes? 100 notes?
You would need to make a new circuit for each new note you want to add to the synthesizer so that the tones could play at the same time.
Analogue Electronics Lab 6
Part(s) 1-2:
RC Lowpass filter:
RC Highpass filter:
Part(s) 3-4:
Switch Lowpass/Highpass Circuit:
Part 5(Final Project):
a) Describe in a few sentences a Final Project you think you could build, which would be interesting to you, which appears to be at about the skill level of the analog students from last year.
Building a coloration circuit like a distortion or analogue saturator looks like an acheivable final project. This appears to be around the skill level of analogue students last year. The most compelling model circuit from last year was Shane Patterson’s “SATURIZER”. The “SATURIZER” is mostly a passive circuit but I think having a passive circuit with a unique sonic texture would be a cool thing to design and tweak.
b) Describe in a few sentences something you could build which you think might be slightly more difficult than that, but maybe possible, which would make a compelling Final Project for you.
As I said in the (a) response, I want to try and build a distortion or coloration circuit. I am most intrigued by Shane Patterson’s “SATURIZER”, as I like the idea of having most of the circuit be passive. But to increast the difficulty, perhaps making a coloration pedal that controls different types of frequencies. So one would be a “saturation” circuit, but a switch would be added to turn on or off a low pass and high pass filter to the saturizer, so the effect could be applied to certain frequincies.
c) Describe in a few sentences any type of professional, sold-in-stores analog audio electronics which you find compelling and wish you could understand, design, and build.
I find the BOSS DS-1 distortion to be a classic distortion pedal that is still in fashion today. I would love to understand and build a distortion pedal like the BOSS DS-1 or like Electro-Harmonix’s Electric Mistress stereo flanger, which may be a more obvious sonic effect.
Analogue Electronics Lab 5
Gain = (1 + 10k/10k)
Gain = 2
Pot turned to min value:
Gain = (1 + 10k/10k)
Gain = (1 + 0/10k)
Gain = 1
Gain = -2.2
In this video the sine wave being visualized on the oscilloscope is inverted, and being amplified.
Gain = (-10k / 4.7k)
Gain = -2.13
Pot turned to min value:
Gain = (0 / 4.7k)
Gain = 0
2.
The “Horizontal position” knob should be set facing vertically straight up, otherwise the image will be offset to the left or right.
The “Vertical Position” knobs need to be set facing vertically straight up, if they arent the image will be offset on the y-axis.
The “Mode” switch on the scope should be set to “Dual”. This ensures that both inputs are being shown at the same time(so we can see how turning the pot on our breadboard will change the volume).
Both switches that determine the type of current on the bottom of the scope should be set to DC, since for this experiment we were measuring Direct Current, not Ground or Alternating Current(ac can technically work for some situations, but in this case it should be DC).
The “Focus” and “Intensity” knobs are used to determine the definition and brightness of the waveform shown on the scope, respectively.
The “Time/Div” (Time Per Division) knob determines how much time each square on the scopes screen represents horizontally.
The “Volts/Div” (Volts per Division) knob determines how many volts each square on the scopes screen represents vertically.
The “Trigger Level” knob is used to determine at what point in the waveform the oscilloscope will start visually showing the waveform. For this experiment, it had to be in the middle.
Finally, when connecting the probes on the oscilliscope to the circuit, the red end had to touch the actual circuit and the black end had to be connected to ground.
As you turn the pot on the circuit, it lets either more or less of the current through. It ranges from allowing 0% to 100% of the current through. The pot effectivley serves as a volume knob.
Analogue Electronics Lab 3
Part 1) Soldering
Part 1a) How to use the Soldering Iron
First, turn on the soldering iron, and set the temperture inbetween 4 and 5 on the knob. Always hold the soldering iron by the padded black handle, DO NOT touch any medal portion of the iron above the balck handle(it will burn). Wait about 5 minutes for the iron to heat up, and make sure you have solder on hand and ready to apply to your iron/metal that you would like to solder. While using the iron, if the tip is black make sure you clean/wipe the tip of the iron on the sponge next to the soldering iron. To use the iron, you should apply(slowly) a little bit of coiled solder to the tip of the iron. The solder will melt and seep into the port you are attempting to solder.
Part 1b) After using the Soldering Iron
When you are finished soldering, wipe the tip of the iron on the sponge. DO NOT hand the soldering iron to the person using it next. DO NOT set the soldering iron on the table for the next person using it. Once you have cleaned the tip of the iron, place the iron back into the holster.
Part 2) Current and Power
2a) Setting the multimeter
When using the multimeter, make sure that the red lead is plugged into the input for “A”(for Amps), so that the multimeter can test for current.
2b) Power through a resistor
Ohm’s Law is V = IR where V is volts, R is resistance in ohms, and I is current in amps (amperes).
Power is determined P = VI where P is power in watts, V is volts, and I is current in amps.
All the resistors in your resistor kit are 1/4 watt, meaning they can withstand up to 1/4 watt of power before they overheat and destroy themselves.
Below is the single smallest resistor I can use with just my battery connected to ground:
The smallest resistor I can use from my resistor kit would be the 470 Ohms Resistor.
Part 3) Kirchoff’s Current Law
Here are my calculations:
Analogue Electronics Lab 2
Analogue Electronics Lab Spring 2020